The article proposes an original methodology for building procedures for managing risks and opportunities in the field of occupational health and safety in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 45001:2018 standard, taking into account the specifics of activities and industry affiliation using the example of nuclear industry organizations. Examples are given for identifying hazards, assessing professional risks, developing actions to respond to risks and assessing the effectiveness of these actions. The proposed approaches and examples can be applied in various industries and may be of interest to researchers and specialists in the field of risk management.

This article discusses direct and indirect methods of assessing occupational risks and the procedure for their assessment. The use of engineering and technical solutions and restrictions does not completely exclude the possibility of the impact of occupational risks on employees and one of the key factors influencing the occurrence of risk is the level of training of employees in safe methods of work. To reduce the level of professional risks when working at height, the SPEKOT training system is proposed and considered. The system allows you to create, conduct and monitor the training of employees in the company on labor protection rules when working at height.

The aim of the research was to substantiate the feasibility of using health-saving technologies in the management of individual occupational risk and to develop a scientifically based set of industrial gymnastics for knowledge workers.

Research methods. Three groups of employees were formed to conduct research. The estimation of mental performance index was done with a correction task according to V. Ya. Anfimov’s Table. The study of the fatigue of intellectual workers was conducted by testing for a simple visual-motor reaction using the computer program “Reaction Time Test”. The calculation of individual occupational risk was carried out according to the methodology of N.F. Izmerova, L.V. Prokopenko, N.I. Simonova, et al., Klin Institute of safety and working conditions.

Results. The study of working performance showed that doing introductory gymnastics contributes to improving working performance by the end of the warming up period and maintaining it at a good level before a break for lunch. Doing industrial gymnastics with any set of exercises an hour and a half after the lunch break provides a higher working performance until the end of the working day.

The study of employee fatigue confirms that doing introductory gymnastics in the working time does not significantly affect the fatigue of employees by noon. Conducting industrial gymnastics according to the developed complex an hour and a half after the lunch break provides significantly less fatigue (p < 0.05) until the end of the working day. It takes 30 minutes of working time to do a set of industrial gymnastics.

Conclusion. Thus, a scientifically based set of industrial gymnastics for office employees has been developed to prevent occupational and work-related diseases. The proposed set of exercises is effective and a set of exercises can be recommended for use. The indicator of the employee’s health status is the only component, influencing which it is possible to manage individual occupational risk.

The purpose of this article is to describe in detail the principles of risk assessment of counterparties of enterprises and to analyze methods of minimizing risks when interacting with them. The risk assessment of counterparties is a section of the enterprise risk assessment system developed by the authors of the article on the full range of emerging risks, which provides for risk analysis using the developed tools used in assessing the effectiveness of both project and current activities of enterprises. The risk assessment system of counterparties is a detailed classification of risks of counterparties of enterprises, which includes fifteen risk subgroups, each of which is represented by a wide range of risks. Analysis of counterparty risks using the developed risk assessment system allows you to optimize interaction with problematic and potentially problematic counterparties of enterprises and, if necessary, exclude the conclusion of knowingly unprofitable contracts. The article materials can be used by enterprises when analyzing counterparties, both during the current interaction with existing counterparties, and planning the conclusion of contracts with new counterparties, as well as when developing risk assessment and management systems at enterprises. In addition, the materials of the article can be used by scientists in the course of studying the principles of conducting risk analysis of enterprises and all interested persons. In general, the application of the risk assessment system of counterparties, in particular, and the general risk assessment system and the developed tools allows to significantly optimize the risk assessment process of enterprises and significantly reduce the cost of analysis.

The purpose of this study is to substantiate and test in the context of the specialization of agricultural enterprises of the Kirov region a risk-oriented approach to assessing the impact of a number of factors that allow identifying promising directions for the development of agricultural production at the planning stage.

The objectives of the study are to apply a risk-oriented approach to assessing the impact of economic, natural-climatic and technical factors on the strategic development of agricultural production in the region (municipality).

 Methodology. This article uses the factor and variance analysis method.

Despite the accumulation of scientific evidence for an anthropogenic role in global warming, the response in terms of international action remains rather disappointing. The Kyoto Protocol failed to create an international coalition in favour of a carbon price in relation to its social cost and served to illustrate the intrinsic instability of any international effort which does not take the “free-rider” problem seriously. Any international agreement must meet three criteria: economic efficiency, incentives to meet commitments and equity. Efficiency is only possible if all countries apply the same carbon price. An incentive may entail offering some flexibility regarding “free riding.” Equity, a concept whose definition differs depending on the stakeholders involved, can be achieved through flat-rate transfers. The strategy of a voluntary reduction of carbon emissions, such as that adopted by key countries, is a further example of choosing to postpone clear commitment, while, in the meantime, paying insufficient attention to the financial instruments available.