COLUMN EDITOR
RISKS OF MODERN SOCIETY
The articles provides analysis of information materials relating to risks facing the modern society as "society at risk".
The article deals with problems of the study of the concept and essence, types and forms of information, psychological, religious — fundamentalist and mental terrorism, the responsibility for terrorism, measures to prevent it. The problems related to the impact of information technology on the types of terrorism are considered. There are presented widely and little known facts of mass information impact on the population.
EMERGENCY RISKS
An approach to improve the sustainability of critical facilities under the influence of modern means of destruction. The calculations for the effectiveness of the implementation of this approach. The role of civil defense in the implementation of this approach.
In this article, based on the structural analysis of the possibilities of choice of countermeasures to threats at creation of systems of physical protection of large objects. The methods of confrontation as an opportunity as well as the intention of the threat are shown. We consider strategies to counter threats, given organizational solutions, the composition of the engineering infrastructure and the need to respond to the forces of their implementation.
As a key problem of risk analysis and QRA remains the problem of uncertainty presence and uncertainty quantification. The using of an interval numbers to specify emergency parameters and the interval analysis to determine the target metrics of the risk allows to assess the uncertainty of derived results. A wide use of this approach to the emergency (fire) safety management has clashed with a serious problem. It consists in the absence of a solution of the task — how to compare risk interval metrics with their normative values, which as scalar numbers have been asserted. The method of output rates setting of emergency risk has proposed in the paper in cases, when they interval character have. This method accords with the international approach in the area of radiation safety.
RADIATION SAFETY
Main production technologies of a decommissioning of the MR and RFT research reactors in the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” are presented in the article. For decreasing doses of personal the remotely controlled mechanisms and dust suppression systems were used. Based on the measuring data average annual individual and collective doses of the personnel carrying out works are defined. Estimates of the prevented dose due to use of remotely controlled mechanisms and means of remote diagnostics of a radiation situation are given. On the basis of risk analysis economic efficiency of application of remote technologies is estimated. Prospects of their use on other radiation-hazardous objects are shown, offers on decrease in taxes for the organizations carried out of the works on elimination of radiation legacy are submitted.
DISCUSSION CLUB
The analysis of the methodological and theoretical foundations underlying software module TOXIE + water hammer, who entered the program complex TOXIE + Risk. It is shown that the one-dimensional model of the flow of oil in pipelines cannot adequately describe phenomena occurring inside the pipeline in cases of a high degree of averages of the current. Accordingly, the software module TOXIE + water hammer is not suitable for practical application in cases such as the hydraulic shock, as well as calculations of oil that is involved in an accident when an emergency depressurizing linear parts of trunk pipelines.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
ISSN 2658-7882 (Online)