The article discusses methodological approaches to reducing economic risks arising under international sanctions restrictions. Mechanisms for adapting the national economy and foreign economic activity of enterprises to sanctions pressure are being analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the use of digital monitoring of supply chains, economic and mathematical models for assessing the macroeconomic consequences of sanctions and diversification of foreign economic relations. It has been shown that the use of modern information and analytical systems, network analysis models, intersectoral balance and econometric methods allows timely identification of critical points of the economic system and reduce the risks of breaking production chains. The need to develop trade and economic cooperation with the BRICS and SCO countries, as well as the use of alternative mechanisms for international settlements, is justified. It was concluded that the integrated use of digital technologies, economic modeling and diversification of foreign markets contributes to increasing the stability of the economy in the context of the application of economic sanctions by Western countries.

The paper develops the methodological framework of disaster economics toward the analysis of long-term institutional regimes. Unlike the classical event-based interpretation of emergencies focused on destruction shocks, the study examines persistent trajectory deviations of macroeconomic dynamics dominated by indirect losses.

The introduction of sanction-related emergencies as an object of theory logically requires refinement of the categorical apparatus and formalization of criteria for chronic regime dynamics. A formal criterion of chronic economic emergency is proposed based on counterfactual output deviation and cumulative loss function. The criterion is supplemented with an attribution condition distinguishing sanction-induced emergencies from other sources of trajectory deviation, and with a counterfactual identification protocol. An illustrative synthetic calibration confirms the reproducibility of the approach.

The study is conceptual and methodological in nature and contributes to the theoretical development of disaster economics.

This article explores the phenomenon of iatrogeny (harm from intervention) and expands this concept beyond medicine, as well as its application to risk analysis in complex systems of various natures (environmental, technical, social, informational, etc.). Particular attention is paid to the transfer of the concept of iatrogeny to the field of the occurrence and mitigation of the consequences of disasters and catastrophes. Based on a historical and scientific analysis of the development of the concept in the works of scientists, and, in particular, N. N. Taleb, the author formulates a generalized definition of iatrogenic risk. The methodology includes a systems approach and an analysis of precedents (cases) from various fields: ecology, engineering, management, and information security. The paper identifies and systematizes key indicators of iatrogenic risk: system complexity, the fact of intervention, the occurrence of an unforeseen negative effect, and its unpredictability. It is shown that risk often occurs due to ignoring nonlinearity, feedback loops, and limited knowledge. The author argues that completely eliminating iatrogenic risk is impossible due to the epistemic impenetrability of complex systems. Precautionary measures proposed include: borrowing adverse event analysis methodology from medicine, encouraging the “pessimist role” in projects, studying historical precedents, decentralization, prioritizing the “do no harm” principle, and recognizing the inevitable incompleteness of knowledge about the consequences of any intervention.

Goal. To substantiate a set of organizational and technical measures that increase the effectiveness of fire safety in cultural and entertainment facilities (CEF) based on an analysis of the risks and vulnerabilities of the facility and the impact of measures on critical time parameters of evacuation.

Methods. An analytical review and a systematic analysis of scientific and regulatory sources, as well as a qualitative risk-based model of prioritization of activities are applied. The model took into account: the probabilities of typical fire scenarios by functional zones (stage, auditorium, foyer, technical rooms, warehouses), the rate of development of dangerous factors, as well as the contribution of measures to reducing the time of detection and notification, the time of the beginning of movement of people, the likelihood of congestion and deterioration of conditions on the escape routes. The reliability of the conclusions is ensured by comparing the proposals with the practice of operating mass housing facilities and fire data for 2017–2024.

Results. The key risk factors for CEFs have been identified: high and heterogeneous fire load in stage and warehouse areas, layout variability due to temporary structures, increased electrical loads and “temporary” connections, complicated perception of alarms (noise, darkening, special effects), as well as behavioral delays and panic. It is shown that the greatest risk reduction effect is provided by: reduction of detection/notification time; ensuring trouble-free operation of AFAS (automatic fire alarm system), FAEMS (fire alarm and evacuation management system), AFES (automatic fire extinguishing system) and smoke protection; maintenance of free and readable evacuation routes; regulation of temporary work and changes in scenic design/arrangement; scenario training of personnel (roles, flow management, interaction of services). A model of efficiency improvement has been formed, including scenario identification, vulnerability assessment, selection of a “portfolio” of measures, performance monitoring, and adjustments based on the results of inspections and training sessions with parameter fixation.

Conclusion. Effective fire safety is achieved during the transition from formal compliance to continuous risk-based management based on functional testing of systems, monitoring of operational changes and personnel training, which increases the manageability of evacuation and reduces the severity of fire consequences.

More than 75% of Russian residents are urban dwellers, spending most of their lives indoors. Modern construction materials and technologies, the use of plastic frames and air conditioning systems, on the one hand, increase the comfort of staying indoors, on the other, lead to certain risks. Thus, prolonged stay of people in rooms with an artificial air environment can have a negative impact on human health. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, the article identifies a number of factors that pose a risk to the public in permanent residence.

The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the risks of the metrological expertise of technical documentation in order to improve the effectiveness of the metrological support process and eliminate the possibility of risk events (such as failure of measuring instruments, inaccurate measurements using unapproved measuring instruments, etc.) during the design, installation, and use of gas supply systems.

Methods. In order to timely prevent adverse events, a risk-based approach is used, which is based on risk assessment methodology and focuses on preventive analysis. The most universal method of risk assessment is the FMEA (Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method.

Results. The risks of the process of metrological examination of technical documentation were identified using the example of organizations specializing in metrological activities in terms of conducting metrological examination of design documentation for gas supply systems. The application of the FMEA analysis method allowed for the categorization of risks based on their criticality using the Risk Priority Number (RPN) values. For risks in the critical zone, compensatory measures are proposed related to a specific examination process, which contribute to bringing all risk events to the area of low and moderate risk. Matrices are formed and filled in depending on the values of the probability of detection before and after the implementation of the recommendations.

Conclusion. A proactive approach to managing the risks of the metrological examination process. The proposed approach will improve the ME process and reduce the risks of repeated errors in the design of new technical documentation.

The period of creation of reports on the sustainable development of companies determines the existence of information quality problems. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the hypothesis about the need to synthesize provisions of two paradigms (security and sustainable development of business entities) to form a system of data on interaction with resource suppliers in non-financial reporting. The ideas of the theory of economic systems on goal setting as a system-forming factor was adopted as the methodological basis for constructing a system of indicators for the integrated report. The object of the study is the integrated report; the subject is indicators which reflect interaction with resource suppliers. The materials of the article contain the results of the content and economic analysis of information of the integrated reports of PJSC “PhosAgro” for the period from 2019 to 2022. The article illustrates the discrepancy between the quantitative indicators of the integrated report and the risks of procurement activities indicated by the company managers. The substantiation of the risk-based approach to determining the composition of indicators for the integrated report on interactions with resource suppliers has theoretical and methodological significance. The proposed indicators corresponding to the risks of procurement activities are of practical importance for the formation of the integrated report.