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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">proanaris</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы анализа риска</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of Risk Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-5220</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7882</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ ВНИИ ГОЧС (ФЦ)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32686/1812-5220-2023-20-1-64-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">proanaris-674</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION SECURITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классификация рисков системы цифровой идентификации граждан (на основе иностранного опыта)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Digital identification system’s risk classification (based on foreign experience)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-4328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкирова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkirova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Башкирова Ольга Владимировна: кандидат экономических наук, старший преподаватель, департамент бизнес-информатики</p><p>109456, г. Москва, 4-й Вешняковский пр., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Bashkirova</p><p>4th Veshnyakovsky pr., 4, Moscow, 109456</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shedu@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Башкирова О.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Башкирова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bashkirova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risk-journal.com/jour/article/view/674">https://www.risk-journal.com/jour/article/view/674</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья посвящена разработке классификации рисков проектов внедрения и развития систем цифровой идентификации граждан на основе иностранного опыта. При формировании выборки были учтены следующие схожие с российскими условия: уровень цифрового развития, уровень цифровой грамотности и доходов населения, наличие тесного сотрудничества в экономической сфере.</p><p>Ранее проведенные исследования по теме носят, как правило, ограниченный и отрывочный характер, посвящены в основном описанию рисков конкретных национальных систем, риски не систематизированы, а также не приведен перечень наиболее существенных рисков для системы цифровой идентификации граждан Российской Федерации.</p><p>Методология исследования и описание выборки: критический анализ.</p><p>Для разработки классификации использован метод фасетной классификации; оценка наиболее вероятных рисков на пути становления системы в России основана на данных мета-анализа исследований уровня цифрового развития и грамотности граждан.</p><p>Было обнаружено, что риски носят сложный составной характер; степень сопротивления граждан системам цифровой идентификации не зависит от общего уровня цифровой грамотности населения, однако больше всего негативно настроенных граждан среди людей с высокой цифровой грамотностью или ИТ-специалистов; для проекта, осуществляемого в России, наиболее важны обеспечение безопасности персональных данных граждан и возможности контроля гражданами своих цифровых двойников, обучение пользованию интернет-технологиями, правовые, этические и технологические аспекты процессов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to the development of a classification of the risks of projects for the introduction and development of digital identification systems for citizens, based on foreign experience. When forming the sample, the following similar conditions to those in Russia were taken into account: the level of digital development; the level of digital literacy and income of the population; the presence of close cooperation in the economic sphere.</p><p>Studies on the topic are limited and fragmentary, devoted mainly to describing the risks of specific national systems, the risks are not systematized, and there is no list of the most significant risks to the digital identification system of citizens of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Research methodology and description of the sample: critical analysis.</p><p>The faceted classification method was used to develop the classification; the assessment of the most likely risks on the way of the system formation in Russia is based on the data of the metaanalysis of studies of the level of digital development and literacy of citizens.</p><p>It was found that the risks are of a complex composite nature; the degree of citizens’ resistance to digital identification systems does not depend on the general level of digital literacy of the population, but the most negatively inclined citizens are among people with high digital literacy or IT specialists; for the project being implemented in Russia, it is most important to ensure the security of citizens’ personal data and the possibility for citizens to control their digital doubles, training in using Internet technologies, legal, ethical and technological aspects.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровая реальность</kwd><kwd>цифровой идентификатор личности</kwd><kwd>риски</kwd><kwd>технологии защиты персональных данных</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital reality</kwd><kwd>digital identity</kwd><kwd>risks</kwd><kwd>personal data protection technologies</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>digital twin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choudhury Z.H., Munir Ahamed Rabbani M. 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