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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">proanaris</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы анализа риска</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of Risk Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-5220</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7882</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ ВНИИ ГОЧС (ФЦ)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32686/1812-5220-2022-19-2-54-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">proanaris-581</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РИСКИ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск природопользования в странах Африканского союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk of Environmental Management in Countries of African Union</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-1643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмин Сергей Борисович, доктор географических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук</p><p>Институт географии им. В. Б. Сочавы</p><p>Количество публикаций: 228, в т. ч. монографий — 11</p><p>Область научных интересов: геоэкология, природопользование, стихийные бедствия, чрезвычайные ситуации, ландшафтоведение, геоморфология</p><p>Researcher ID: G-8760-2013</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005543363</p><p>664033</p><p>ул. Улан-Баторская, д. 1</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey B. Kuzmin</p><p>Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Institute of Geography mem. V. B. Sotchava</p><p>664033</p><p>Ulanbatorskaya str., 1</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin@irigs.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уварова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvarova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уварова Дарья Сергеевна, студентка, магистрант</p><p>4-ый курс </p><p>Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук</p><p>Институт географии им. В. Б. Сочавы</p><p>федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Иркутский государственный университет» (ИГУ)</p><p>географический факультет</p><p>специальность – «природопользование»</p><p>количество публикаций: 1 (статья в журнале ВАК)</p><p>область научных интересов: природопользование, стихийные бедствия</p><p>664033</p><p>ул. Улан-Баторская, д. 1</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey B. Kuzmin</p><p>Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Institute of Geography mem. V. B. Sotchava</p><p>664033</p><p>Ulanbatorskaya str., 1</p><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин С.Б., Уварова Д.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин С.Б., Уварова Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin S.B., Uvarova D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risk-journal.com/jour/article/view/581">https://www.risk-journal.com/jour/article/view/581</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведены оценка и сравнительный анализ риска природопользования в странах Африканского союза. Для него характерны в основном два типа природных опасностей: литосферные — землетрясения, вулканизм и сопутствующие им процессы и гидрометеорологические — засухи, наводнения, сопровождающие их оползни и деградация почв, вызванные глобальными изменениями климата и антропогенными изменениями ландшафта. Большую опасность для туристического бизнеса, который является основой экономики островных государств с достаточно высоким уровнем развития, представляет резкое повышение уровня Мирового океана в результате таяния ледников Антарктиды и Гренландии. Отраслью экономики, наиболее подверженной опасным природным процессам в странах Африканского союза, является сельское хозяйство, для которого губительны эрозия и деградация почв, засухи, опустынивание, оползнеобразование. Обширные территории Африканского континента имеют низкий риск природопользования из-за их незаселенности и неосвоенности. Это девственные территории с естественным развитием ландшафтов, на которых экстремальные природные процессы и явления, конечно, имеют место, но им просто не на кого и не на что воздействовать. Хорошая защищенность от стихийных бедствий связана с общим высоким уровнем экономического развития стран — Сейшельские острова, Маврикий, ЮАР, с политической волей структур управления и хорошо налаженной системой безопасности — Алжир, Тунис, Египет, а также с растущим в последние годы влиянием частного капитала на общегосударственную политику защиты от стихийных бедствий — Нигерия, Гана, Кабо-Верде. Страны с низкой защищенностью от стихийных бедствий — это беднейшие страны мира, где широко распространены голод, эпидемии, вынужденная миграция населения из-за постоянных военных конфликтов и государственных переворотов, нищета и т. п. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ для стран Африканского союза показал зависимость коэффициента риска природопользования от номинального ВВП на душу населения в год, хотя коэффициент корреляции достаточно невысокий. Наиболее высокий риск наблюдается в беднейших странах, неспособных самостоятельно противостоять стихийным бедствиям, где широко распространены опасные природные процессы, — Эфиопия, Руанда, Бурунди, Сомали, Эритрея. Низкий риск обеспечивается в странах с развитой экономикой и эффективно действующим правительством — Маврикий, ЮАР, Алжир, Тунис и др.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative assessment and analysis of risk of environmental management across the African Union has been carried out. It is mainly characterized by two types of natural hazards: lithospheric — earthquakes, volcanism and related processes, and hydrometeorological — droughts, floods, accompanying landslides and soil degradation caused by global climate change and anthropogenic changes in the landscapes. A great hazard for tourist business, which is a basis of economy of island states with high enough level of development, is a sharp rise in the level of World Ocean as a result of melting of glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland. The sector most exposed to natural hazards in the African Union is agriculture, which suffers from soil erosion and degradation, droughts, desertifi cation and landslides. Vast areas of the African continent are at low risk of exploitation because they are uninhabited and undeveloped. Th ese are pristine areas with naturally developed landscapes where extreme natural processes and phenomena certainly occur, but there is simply no one and nothing to affect them. Good disaster resilience is related to the overall high level of economic development of the countries — Seychelles, Mauritius, South Africa, the political will of the governance structures and well-established security systems — Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, and the growing infl uence of private capital in recent years on national disaster protection policies — Nigeria, Ghana, Cape Verde. Countries with low disaster resilience are the poorest countries in the world, with widespread famine, epidemics, forced migration due to ongoing military conflicts and coups d’état, poverty, etc. Correlation and regression analysis for the countries of the African Union has shown the dependence of the risk of environmental management coeffi cient on nominal GDP per capita per year, although the correlation coefficientis rather low. The highest risk is observed in the poorest countries that are unable to cope with natural disasters on their own, where natural hazards are widespread — Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia and Eritrea. Low risk is ensured in countries with developed economies and eff ective government — Mauritius, South Africa, Algeria, Tunisia, etc.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стихийные бедствия</kwd><kwd>риск природопользования</kwd><kwd>опасные природные процессы</kwd><kwd>защищенность от природных катастроф</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>Африканский союз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural disasters</kwd><kwd>risk of environmental management</kwd><kwd>hazardous natural processes</kwd><kwd>resilience from natural disasters</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>African Union</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по госзаданию СО РАН. Тема: Морфолитогенез Внутренней Азии: теоретические, методические и практические аспекты исследования. Регистрационный № АААА-А21-21012190017-5. Раздел 4: Проанализировать основные современные проблемы изучения опасных природных процессов и риска. Выявить глобальную, национальную и региональную специфику оценки риска природопользования и безопасности человека, экономики и территорий в обстановке стихийных бедствий и природных катастроф</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out on the state assignment of the SB RAS. Topic: Morpholithogenesis of Inner Asia: theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of research. Registration No. AAAA-A21-21012190017-5. Section 4: Analyze the main current problems of studying hazardous natural processes and risk. 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