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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">proanaris</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы анализа риска</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of Risk Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-5220</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7882</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ ВНИИ ГОЧС (ФЦ)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32686/1812-5220-2021-18-2-12-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">proanaris-483</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>СLIMATE RISK</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риски здоровью российского населения от погодных экстремумов в начале XXI в. Часть 1. Волны жары и холода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health Risks to the Russian Population from Weather Extremes in the Beginning of the XXI Century. Part 1. Heat and Cold Waves</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7528-6643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревич</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revich</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ревич Борис Александрович: доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник и заведующий Лабораторией прогнозирования качества окружающей среды и здоровья населения, ResearcherID: F-6450-2017, Scopus Author ID: 55941085000</p><p>117418, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 47</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Revich</p><p>Nakhimovsky prospect, 47, Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-7853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorieva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьева Елена Анатольевна: кандидат биологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, ResearcherID: B-2014-2014, Scopus Author ID: 55746464800</p><p>679016, Еврейская автономная область, г. Биробиджан, ул. Шолом-Алейхема, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Grigorieva</p><p>Sholom-Aleichem str., 4, Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Region, 679016, </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eagrigor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economic Forecasting RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт комплексного анализа региональных проблем ДВО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems FEB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ревич Б.А., Григорьева Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ревич Б.А., Григорьева Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Revich B.A., Grigorieva E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risk-journal.com/jour/article/view/483">https://www.risk-journal.com/jour/article/view/483</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены основные материалы международных организаций (ВОЗ, ВМО, ЕС и др.) по проблеме оценки воздействия климатических рисков на здоровье городского населения и планов действий по адаптации системы здравоохранения и других управленческих структур. Систематизированы результаты российских исследований по оценке воздействия волн жары и холода на показатели смертности населения мегаполисов (Москва, Санкт-Петербург) и других больших городов, расположенных в различных климатических зонах — на арктических, приарктических и южных территориях, в условиях резко континентального и муссонного климата. Показано, что волны жары в городах с умеренным континентальным климатом приводят к более значительному приросту смертности от всех причин, чем волны холода, по сравнению с городами в других климатических зонах. В то же время в северных городах, в отличие от южных регионов и Средней Сибири, влияние на показатели смертности волн холода более выражено, чем волн жары. В целом волны холода несут гораздо бóльшие риски для здоровья населения в северных городах, чем в южных. Значения 3%-го и 97%-го процентилей распределения среднесуточной температуры могут быть приняты как ориентировочные показатели наступления волны холода (жары), опасной для здоровья населения, по достижении которых необходимо проведение соответствующих профилактических мероприятий. Такие пороги являются определенным аналогом гигиенических нормативов и, естественно, зависят от климатической зоны. Принятый в России Национальный план по адаптации к климатическим рискам включает меры по снижению избыточной смертности от воздействия волн жары и холода. Предусмотрено, что такие планы должны быть разработаны по всем субъектам Российской Федерации. Одной из действенных мер по снижению избыточной смертности является внедрение систем раннего оповещения о наступлении температурных волн жары и холода с одновременным использованием комплекса профилактически мер.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review summarizes the results of international studies conducted by WHO, WMO, EU, and other organizations, in the areas of assessment of climate change-induced urban health risks, and development of action plans for adaptation of public health care and other public governance bodies to climate change. The results of studies of the relationships between heat waves, cold spells, and mortality rates conducted in Russian cities have also been critically reviewed. The study cites included the largest cities (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, etc.) situated in various climate zones: Arctic, South European part of Russia, continental and monsoon climate zones. These studies showed that heat waves in the cities with moderately continental climate typically lead to greater increases in all-cause mortality rates than cold spells, relative to the cities located in other climate zones. At the same time, the health impacts of cold spells were more pronounced than those of heat waves in the north cities, which was not observed in the Russian South or Middle Siberia cities. On average, cold spells are characterized by greater health risks in the north cities than in the south cities. The values of the 3rd and 97th percentiles of long-term distributions of daily mean temperatures can be used as the threshold values for hazardous cold and heat waves. The health action plans should be activated when daily mean temperatures fall below the cold threshold, or exceed the heat threshold. The values of temperature thresholds depend upon local climates and are similar to hygienic standards. Russia has adopted a National Plan for adaptation to health risks induced by climate change. This plan includes the measures specifically aimed at reductions of excess mortality during heat waves and cold spells. The National Plan prescribes that similar plans should be developed for all administrative subjects of the Russian Federation. Implementation of heat wave (or cold spell) early warning systems in combination with other preventive measures can effectively reduce the numbers of excess deaths during extreme weather events.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>риск</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>волны жары и холода</kwd><kwd>смертность населения</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>heat and cold waves</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках государственного задания ИНП РАН № 168.5 «Составление и уточнение кратко-, средне- и долгосрочных прогнозов по развитию социального сектора экономики».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the state task of the INP RAS No. 168.5 “Compilation and clarification of short-, medium- and long-term forecasts for the development of the social sector of the economy”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stott P. 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